Top 7 instruments used in music therapy
Each music therapy session is different and is usually tailored to the client or group attending. Different instruments and techniques are used to improve and support different goals.
Here’s a list of 7 instruments commonly used in music therapy sessions, and what their benefits are.
1. Hand held percussions
Hand held percussions are easy to use, make a lot of noise and don’t have a wrong or right way to be played, making them popular in any music therapy session! Hand held percussion instruments provide many different benefits. The cabasa is great for sensory needs as the beads rotate around the head of the instrument; the castanets are great for improving fine motor skills; and the rhythm sticks are great for improving gross motor skills. Hand held percussion instruments can also promote social skills and involvement as clients begin to explore different sounds and ways of playing these instruments. Percussion instruments are great tools to introduce different rhythms and speeds to clients, which can assist in building improvisation and confidence and communication.
2. Guitars and ukuleles
Guitars and ukuleles are popular in music therapy sessions as they are easily accessible by both the therapist and the client. They’re instruments that are relatively easy to locate and transport. Being able to control the sound and volume of a guitar makes for a perfect instrument to be played in small groups or one on one. Music therapists have melodic control over the guitar so the client has freedom to play whatever they like without feeling like they are playing the wrong tune, which can help build confidence and expression. As well as physically playing the guitar or ukulele together, a music therapy session may also involve the music therapist playing songs for the client or group. Music therapists often do this in relaxation or guided imagery sessions which allows clients to relax and use their imagination, which can help with pain management and memory.
3. Pianos
Pianos are a common instrument you’ll find in any music therapy session. The piano gives clients the opportunity to play together with a music therapist while sitting side by side either at the same piano or separate ones. This creates non-verbal connection between the therapist and client. Playing the piano is great for improving fine motor skills, allows clients to express themselves through exploring different notes and chord progressions, and can also aid in improving memory. Music therapy sessions can also include the music therapist playing the piano for their clients, playing familiar songs and asking clients to guess what song it is or how this melody makes them feel. Being asked what song it is, just from the melody, is a greater cognitive challenge than hearing the song with words. Asking the client to explain how the melody makes them feel can promote expression and allow them to recall memories.
4. Small hand drums
Small hand drums are a popular choice for music therapy sessions as it can be an easy instrument for music therapists and clients to connect over. Being relatively small, it’s easier to play side by side or at the same time on a drum than any other instrument. Hand drums allow clients the freedom to express themselves as there are no specific melodic notes to hit, reducing the fear of playing the wrong thing. By following different rhythms, the drum can improve coordination, fluidity of movement and fine motor skills.
5. Tambourines
The tambourine is an essential part of a music therapist's kit and is suitable for any music level. Being small and easy to move, the tambourine can be used in sessions to encourage sharing, and can also be used in musical games to improve coordination, social skills among groups and motivate clients to play and participate in sessions.
6. Maracas
The maracas are another popular choice in any music therapy session. Maracas are relatively accessible and are easily a crowd favourite. Their distinct sound requires little effort and can instantly grab attention, making it a great tool to build and support social skills. The maracas can also improve gross and fine motor skills in children and adults, making them a great instrument for any music therapy session. Being so simple to play, it can build confidence in a client's ability, and improve their willingness to connect with others in the group or session.
7. Push bells
The push bell is a fun and adaptive way for clients to play together in a group or on their own. Learning to follow different melodies can improve memory and concentration, and can also support improvement in social skills and willingness to participate in group scenarios.
